The Grandes Dames Sabine Bohlmann Carl Simmons and Claire Hawkins

Carl Simmons and Claire Hawkins are Senior Lecturers at Edge Hill University

" -Doug Fuchs

1964s "As Tears Go By

Contemporary culture is awash with stuff

anxiolytics

The Grandes Dames Sabine Bohlmann Carl Simmons and Claire HawkinsAstor. Rockefeller. McCormick. Belmont. All family names that still adorn buildings, streets and charity foundations. While the men blazed across America with their oil, industry, and railways, the matriarchs founded art museums, opera houses, and symphony houses that functioned almost as private clubs. These women ruled American society with a style and impact that make today's socialites seem pale reflections of their forbears. Linked by money,